Introduction

Gonorrhea is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It primarily targets the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract but can also infect the mouth, throat, eyes, and rectum. This page provides comprehensive information about gonorrhea, including its symptoms, treatment options, and prevention strategies.

Symptoms of Gonorrhea

In Women:

Common Symptoms: Increased vaginal discharge, painful urination, and vaginal bleeding between periods.

Complications: If left untreated, gonorrhea can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), leading to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

In Men:

Common Symptoms: Painful urination and pus-like discharge from the penis.

Complications: Untreated gonorrhea can result in epididymitis, a painful condition affecting the ducts attached to the testicles, potentially leading to infertility.

In Both Sexes:

Rectal Infections: Symptoms include discharge, anal itching, soreness, bleeding, and painful bowel movements.

Throat Infections: These are usually asymptomatic but can sometimes cause a sore throat.

Diagnosis

Gonorrhea is diagnosed through laboratory tests, including:

Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs): The preferred method for detecting N. gonorrhoeae due to its high sensitivity and specificity.

Culture Tests: Useful for detecting antimicrobial resistance.

Gram Stain: Often used for diagnosing symptomatic men with urethritis.

FAQs

What are the symptoms of gonorrhea?

Symptoms in women include increased vaginal discharge, painful urination, and vaginal bleeding between periods. In men, symptoms include painful urination and pus-like discharge from the penis. Both sexes can experience rectal and throat infections.

How is gonorrhea treated?

Gonorrhea is treated with dual antibiotic therapy, typically involving an injection of ceftriaxone and oral doxycycline, especially if chlamydia has not been ruled out. Alternative regimens are available for those allergic to cephalosporins.

Can gonorrhea be cured?

Yes, gonorrhea can be cured with the appropriate antibiotic treatment. It’s crucial to complete the prescribed treatment and ensure sexual partners are treated to prevent reinfection.

How can gonorrhea be prevented?

Preventing gonorrhea involves using condoms consistently, engaging in monogamous relationships with tested partners, and undergoing regular STI screenings. Education and awareness also play significant roles in prevention.

Why is regular screening for gonorrhea important?

Regular screening helps in the early detection and treatment of gonorrhea, reducing the risk of severe health complications and preventing the spread of the infection. It’s particularly important for high-risk groups such as sexually active women under 25 and men who have sex with men (MSM).